An analogue of oka’s theorem for weakly normal complex spaces

Two well known results concerning normal complex spaces are the following. First, the singular set of a normal complex space has codimension at least two. Second, this property characterizes normality for complex spaces which are local complete intersections. This second result is a theorem of Abhyankar [1] which generalizes Oka’s theorem. The purpose of this paper is to prove analogues of these facts for the class of weakly normal complex spaces, which were introduced by Andreotti-Norguet [3] in a study of the space of cycles on an algebraic variety. A weakly normal complex space can have singularities in codimension one, but it will be shown that an obvious class of such singularities is generic. © 1977 Pacific Journal of Mathematics. All rights reserved

A study of the effectiveness of a phonetic and activity approach to the teaching of spelling in grade four,

Includes appendices. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Book Reviews

THE SUPREME COURT AND RELIGION. By Richard E. Morgan. New York: The Free Press, 1972. Pp. 216. $7.95. WHO RUNS CONGRESS? THE PRESIDENT, BIG BUSINESS, OR You? By Mark J. Green, James M. Fallows and David R. Zwick. New York: Bantam Books and Grossman Publishers, 1972. Pp. 307.$1.95. PRIVATE INTEREST AND PUBLIC GAIN: THE DARTMOUTH COLLEGE CASE, 1819. By Francis N. Stites. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1972. Pp. 176. $9.50. JUSTICE IS THE CRIME: PRETRIAL DELAY IN FELONY CASES. By Lewis R. Katz, with Lawrence B. Litwin and Richard H. Bamberger. Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1972. Pp. 386.$6.95

XMM-Newton discovery of 217 s pulsations in the brightest persistent supersoft X-ray source in M31

We report on the discovery of a periodic modulation in the bright supersoft X-ray source XMMU J004252.5+411540 detected in the 2000-2004 XMM-Newton observations of M31. The source exhibits X-ray pulsations with a period P~217.7 s and a quasi-sinusoidal pulse shape and pulsed fraction ~7-11%. We did not detect statistically significant changes in the pulsation period on the time scale of 4 years. The X-ray spectra of XMMU J004252.5+411540 are extremely soft and can be approximated with an absorbed blackbody of temperature 62-77 eV and a weak power law tail of photon index ~1.7-3.1 in the 0.2-3.0 keV energy band. The X-ray properties of the source and the absence of an optical/UV counterpart brighter than 19 mag suggest that it belongs to M31. The estimated bolometric luminosity of the source varies between ~2e38 and ~8e38 ergs/s at 760 kpc, depending on the choice of spectral model. The X-ray pulsations and supersoft spectrum of XMMU J004252.5+411540 imply that it is almost certainly an accreting white dwarf, steadily burning hydrogen-rich material on its surface. We interpret X-ray pulsations as a signature of the strong magnetic field of the rotating white dwarf. Assuming that the X-ray source is powered by disk accretion, we estimate its surface field strength to be in the range 4e5 G <B_{0}<8e6 G. XMMU J004252.5+411540 is the second supersoft X-ray source in M31 showing coherent pulsations, after the transient supersoft source XMMU J004319.4+411758 with 865.5 s pulsation period.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, uses emulateapj style. Submitted to Ap

Shocked Molecular Gas in the Supernova Remnant HB 21

We report the discovery of the shocked molecular gas in the supernova remnant HB 21. We derive the physical parameters of the shocked gas from CO J=1-0 and J=2-1 line observations. We discuss the correlation of the shocked molecular gas with the previously detected, shocked atomic gas and the associated infrared emission.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, To appear in the ApJ, scheduled for the April 10, 2001 issue (v551

Toward Understanding Phage:Host Interactions in the Rumen; Complete Genome Sequences of Lytic Phages Infecting Rumen Bacteria

The rumen is known to harbour dense populations of bacteriophages (phages) predicted to be capable of infecting a diverse range of rumen bacteria. While bacterial genome sequencing projects are revealing the presence of phages which can integrate their DNA into the genome of their host to form stable, lysogenic associations, little is known of the genetics of phages which utilise lytic replication. These phages infect and replicate within the host, culminating in host lysis and the release of progeny phage particles. While lytic phages for rumen bacteria have been previously isolated, their genomes have remained largely uncharacterised. Here we report the first complete genome sequences of lytic phage isolates specifically infecting three genera of rumen bacteria: Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Streptococcus. All phages were classified within the viral order Caudovirales and include two phage morphotypes, representative of the Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families. The phage genomes displayed modular organisation and conserved viral genes were identified which enabled further classification and determination of closest phage relatives. Co-examination of bacterial host genomes led to the identification of several genes responsible for modulating phage:host interactions, including CRISPR/Cas elements and restriction-modification phage defence systems. These findings provide new genetic information and insights into how lytic phages may interact with bacteria of the rumen microbiome

The Optical-Near-IR Spectrum of the M87 Jet From HST Observations

We present 1998 HST observations of M87 which yield the first single-epoch optical and radio-optical spectral index images of the jet at $0.15''$ resolution. We find $\approx 0.67$, comparable to previous measurements, and $\approx 0.9$ ($F_\nu \propto \nu^{-\alpha}$), slightly flatter than previous workers. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. These observations reveal a large variety of spectral slopes. Bright knots exhibit flatter spectra than interknot regions. The flattest spectra ($\alpha_o \sim 0.5-0.6$; comparable to or flatter than $\alpha_{ro}$) are found in two inner jet knots (D-East and HST-1) which contain the fastest superluminal components. In knots A, B and C, $\alpha_o$ and $\alpha_{ro}$ are essentially anti-correlated. Near the flux maxima of knots HST-1 and F, changes in $\alpha_{ro}$ lag changes in $\alpha_o$, but in knots D and E, the opposite relationship is observed. This is further evidence that radio and optical emissions in the M87 jet come from substantially different physical regions. The delays observed in the inner jet are consistent with localized particle acceleration, with $t_{acc} << t_{cool}$ for optically emitting electrons in knots HST-1 and F, and $t_{acc} \sim t_{cool}$ for optically emitting electrons in knots D and E. Synchrotron models yield \nu_B \gsim 10^{16} Hz for knots D, A and B, and somewhat lower values, $\nu_B \sim 10^{15}- 10^{16}$ Hz, in other regions. If X-ray emissions from knots A, B and D are co-spatial with optical and radio emission, we can strongly rule out the ``continuous injection'' model. Because of the short lifetimes of X-ray synchrotron emitting particles, the X-ray emission likely fills volumes much smaller than the optical emission regions.Comment: Text 17 pages, 3 Tables, 11 figures, accepted by Ap

Optimizing postprandial glucose management in adults with insulin-requiring diabetes: Report and recommendations

Faster-acting insulins, new noninsulin drug classes, more flexible insulin-delivery systems, and improved continuous glucose monitoring devices offer unprecedented opportunities to improve postprandial glucose (PPG) management and overall care for adults with insulin-treated diabetes. These developments led the Endocrine Society to convene a working panel of diabetes experts in December 2018 to assess the current state of PPG management, identify innovative ways to improve self-management and quality of life, and align best practices to current and emerging treatment and monitoring options. Drawing on current research and collective clinical experience, we considered the following issues for the ∼200 million adults worldwide with type 1 and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes: (i) the role of PPG management in reducing the risk of diabetes complications; (ii) barriers preventing effective PPG management; (iii) strategies to reduce PPG excursions and improve patient quality of life; and (iv) education and clinical tools to support endocrinologists in improving PPG management. We concluded that managing PPG to minimize or prevent diabetes-related complications will require elucidating fundamental questions about optimal ways to quantify and clinically assess the metabolic dysregulation and consequences of the abnormal postprandial state in diabetes and recommend research strategies to address these questions. We also identified practical strategies and tools that are already available to reduce barriers to effective PPG management, optimize use of new and emerging clinical tools, and improve patient self-management and quality of life

Mechanism of Activation and Inhibition of the HER4/ErbB4 Kinase

SummaryHER4/ErbB4 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the EGF/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases that is essential for normal development of the heart, nervous system, and mammary gland. We report here crystal structures of the ErbB4 kinase domain in active and lapatinib-inhibited forms. Active ErbB4 kinase adopts an asymmetric dimer conformation essentially identical to that observed to be important for activation of the EGF receptor/ErbB1 kinase. Mutagenesis studies of intact ErbB4 in Ba/F3 cells confirm the importance of this asymmetric dimer for activation of intact ErbB4. Lapatinib binds to an inactive form of the ErbB4 kinase in a mode equivalent to its interaction with the EGF receptor. All ErbB4 residues contacted by lapatinib are conserved in the EGF receptor and HER2/ErbB2, which lapatinib also targets. These results demonstrate that key elements of kinase activation and inhibition are conserved among ErbB family members